{"id":2089,"date":"2022-04-01T20:29:41","date_gmt":"2022-04-01T18:29:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/?p=2089"},"modified":"2022-10-13T13:25:44","modified_gmt":"2022-10-13T11:25:44","slug":"electric-welding","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/publikacje\/zgrzewanie-elektryczne\/","title":{"rendered":"Electric resistance welding - process characteristics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>One of the most <a href=\"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/svarochnyy_apparat_tochechnoy.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2093 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/svarochnyy_apparat_tochechnoy.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"228\" \/><\/a>a valued method of welding metals is electric resistance welding. They can be used for almost all types of metals and also their alloys. It is also widely used in the automotive and aviation industries, railways and even in electronics. What is electric resistance welding, what are its phases and types, as well as advantages and disadvantages?<\/p>\n<h2 aria-level=\"2\">Generally about welding technology<\/h2>\n<p>Welding is one of the bonding processes that result in only permanent connections. Thermal energy heats up the contact zone of the surfaces of the elements being pressed. During welding, the contact surfaces of the materials become plasticized. Welding is applicable to metals, their alloys and most types of plastics. Welding methods differ in the source of thermal energy, the way it is delivered to the joint, and the solution for applying a pressure force. When classifying welding methods, the importance of the sequence in which the heating up and the pressure is exerted is also mentioned.<\/p>\n<h2 aria-level=\"2\">Electric resistance welding<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/kontaktnaya-tochechnaya-svarka1.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-2092\" title=\"Electric resistance welding process\" src=\"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/kontaktnaya-tochechnaya-svarka1.jpeg\" alt=\"Electric resistance welding process\" width=\"282\" height=\"232\" \/><\/a>This type of welding involves applying a pressure force to the materials in the form of special electrodes. The elements to be bonded will thus become components of the electrical circuit. As a result of switching on the power source, the circuit is started. In the zones of greatest resistance, thermal energy is generated, initiating heating. After the power is disconnected, the material elements cool down and solidify. This is of particular importance for the weld itself, because the materials recrystallize at this point. The quality of the joint depends on the intensity of the current, the appropriate welding time and the pressure force.<\/p>\n<h2 aria-level=\"2\">Phases in electric resistance welding<\/h2>\n<p>In the process of electric resistance welding, we distinguish 3 phases:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Phase I - involves applying pressure electrodes to the materials and turning on the power source; as a result of the electrical resistance created on the contact surfaces, thermal energy is emitted; heated surfaces turn into a plastic state,<\/li>\n<li>Phase II - here, due to high temperature, the plasticization zone expands; materials are deformed,<\/li>\n<li>Phase III - after disconnecting the power source, the recrystallization process takes place.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 aria-level=\"2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/vse-o-kontaktnoj-svarke.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2095 size-full\" title=\"Electric resistance welding process\" src=\"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/vse-o-kontaktnoj-svarke.jpeg\" alt=\"Electric resistance welding process\" width=\"718\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/vse-o-kontaktnoj-svarke.jpeg 718w, https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/vse-o-kontaktnoj-svarke-300x167.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/vse-o-kontaktnoj-svarke-624x348.jpeg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 718px) 100vw, 718px\" \/><\/a><\/h2>\n<h2 aria-level=\"2\">Types of electric resistance welding<\/h2>\n<p>4 types of electric resistance welding can be distinguished:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>butt, after pressing the elements together, the power source is connected to the contact zone,<\/li>\n<li>point, due to the flow of current in a small spatial range, inseparable connections of materials are locally formed,<\/li>\n<li>linear, with the use of disk electrodes; a characteristic feature of this process are linear and strong welds, the process engages intermittent current, but the pressure remains unchanged,<\/li>\n<li>hump, here a deliberately formed hump, is the place on which the weld is formed; The connection of materials can take place at many points (as many as the electrodes will cover).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 aria-level=\"2\">Advantages and disadvantages of resistance electric welding of metals against the background of welding<\/h2>\n<p>This type of welding has many advantages. For example, compared to welding (also the popular technology of joining metals), the following advantages of the electric resistance welding process can be mentioned:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>low value of expended heat,<\/li>\n<li>elimination of the influence of the atmosphere on the weld,<\/li>\n<li>lower variation in the structure of the base material of the joint than in the case of the weld,<\/li>\n<li>the rarity of situations where materials overheat,<\/li>\n<li>hot contact allows joining elements that are difficult to weld,<\/li>\n<li>lower labor consumption of the process; it is mainly based on specialized equipment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>On the other hand, the comparison of electric resistance welding and welding shows that the disadvantages of the former are, among others:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the cost of a dedicated device, i.e. a suitable welding machine,<\/li>\n<li>the need for high-power equipment (this means that the device uses a large amount of electricity).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jedn\u0105 z najbardziej cenionych metod zgrzewania metali jest zgrzewanie elektryczne oporowe. Mo\u017cna je zastosowa\u0107 do niemal wszystkich rodzaj\u00f3w metali oraz tak\u017ce ich stop\u00f3w. Jest ono tak\u017ce szeroko wykorzystywane w bran\u017cy motoryzacyjnej i lotniczej, kolejnictwie, a nawet w elektronice. Czym w og\u00f3le jest zgrzewanie elektryczne oporowe, jakie s\u0105 jego fazy i rodzaje, a tak\u017ce wady i zalety? Og\u00f3lnie o technologii zgrzewania Zgrzewanie to jeden z proces\u00f3w spajania, w wyniku kt\u00f3rego otrzymujemy tylko po\u0142\u0105czenia nieroz\u0142\u0105czne. Energia cieplna, rozgrzewa stref\u0119 styku powierzchni element\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 dociskane. Podczas zgrzewania, stykaj\u0105ce si\u0119 powierzchnie materia\u0142\u00f3w ulegaj\u0105 uplastycznieniu. Zgrzewanie ma zastosowanie zar\u00f3wno do metali, ich stop\u00f3w, jak i wi\u0119kszo\u015bci rodzaj\u00f3w tworzyw sztucznych. Metody zgrzewania r\u00f3\u017cni\u0105 si\u0119 mi\u0119dzy sob\u0105 \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142em energii cieplnej, sposobem jej dostarczenia do miejsca z\u0142\u0105cza oraz rozwi\u0105zaniem dotycz\u0105cym przy\u0142o\u017cenia si\u0142y nacisku. Przy klasyfikacji metod zgrzewania, m\u00f3wi si\u0119 tak\u017ce o znaczeniu kolejno\u015bci wyst\u0119powania po sobie rozgrzewania i wywierania docisku. Zgrzewanie elektryczne oporowe Ten rodzaj zgrzewania jest zwi\u0105zany z przy\u0142o\u017ceniem do materia\u0142\u00f3w si\u0142y docisku w postaci specjalnych elektrod. Spajane elementy stan\u0105 si\u0119 w taki spos\u00f3b komponentami obwodu elektrycznego. Na skutek za\u0142\u0105czenia \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a pr\u0105du, obw\u00f3d zostaje uruchomiony. W strefach najwi\u0119kszej oporno\u015bci, jest wytwarzana energia cieplna, inicjuj\u0105ca rozgrzewanie. Po od\u0142\u0105czeniu pr\u0105du, elementy materia\u0142owe ulegaj\u0105 sch\u0142odzeniu i krzepni\u0119ciu. Szczeg\u00f3lne znaczenie ma to dla samej zgrzeiny, poniewa\u017c materia\u0142y w tym miejscu ulegaj\u0105 rekrystalizacji. Jako\u015b\u0107 z\u0142\u0105cza zale\u017cy od nat\u0119\u017cenia pr\u0105du, odpowiedniego czasu zgrzewania i si\u0142y docisku. Fazy w zgrzewaniu elektrycznym oporowym W procesie zgrzewania elektrycznego oporowego wyodr\u0119bniamy 3 fazy: Faza I \u2013 wi\u0105\u017ce si\u0119 z przy\u0142o\u017ceniem do materia\u0142\u00f3w elektrod dociskaj\u0105cych i w\u0142\u0105czeniem \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142a pr\u0105du; w wyniku powsta\u0142ego [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2095,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sfsi_plus_gutenberg_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_show_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_type":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_alignemt":"","sfsi_plus_gutenburg_max_per_row":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-publikacjee","has_thumb"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2089"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2536,"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2089\/revisions\/2536"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2095"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2089"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2089"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2089"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}