{"id":3459,"date":"2023-06-30T09:36:02","date_gmt":"2023-06-30T07:36:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/?p=3459"},"modified":"2023-06-30T09:36:05","modified_gmt":"2023-06-30T07:36:05","slug":"welding-plastics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/publikacje\/zgrzewanie-i-spawanie-tworzyw-sztucznych\/","title":{"rendered":"Welding and welding of plastics"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Plastics<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Plastics, or polymers, are materials that consist of synthetic polymers that do not occur in nature.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following examples of types of such plastics are listed: synthetic of natural origin, synthetic of artificial origin, engineering, porous, fibre-forming, reactive, thermoplastic.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Welding<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Welding is a method of joining non-metallic materials or materials that involves inducing the contact between the joined common grains of metal by recrystallisation and diffusion of the grains next to each other. For the welding process to be successful, the pressure, temperature and duration of the process are important. When joining parts, the most common temperature at which a good weld occurs is one that is close to the melting point.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Types of welding include:&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>electric: resistance or spark,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gaseous, e.g. made with an oxy-acetylene torch,\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>frictional (friction of the contact surface occurs by applying pressure),&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>thermite, involving the combustion of aluminium in powdered form together with metal oxides,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>electrical, used for machine components.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Welding<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Welding is the joining of materials after they have been heated and melted at the joining point. As with soldering, a filler metal is added to the area, but this is not necessary. The heat used in welding generally comes from the welding arc, which is created by the current generated by the welding current source.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/content_svarpolavtris1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"532\" src=\"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/content_svarpolavtris1-1024x532.jpg\" alt=\"electric welding\" class=\"wp-image-3461\" srcset=\"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/content_svarpolavtris1-1024x532.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/content_svarpolavtris1-300x156.jpg 300w, https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/content_svarpolavtris1-768x399.jpg 768w, https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/content_svarpolavtris1-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/content_svarpolavtris1-624x324.jpg 624w, https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/content_svarpolavtris1.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Welding of plastics<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Plastic welding is a process designed to join parts made of thermoplastic materials. When two plastics are heated and pressed together, a small piece of material is plasticised and, once cooled, the joint becomes hard and durable. This heat can come from outside, e.g. with a welding machine, but also from inside, e.g. with hot air. Plastic welding is very familiar with pipe welding.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The basic methods of welding plastics are::&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>butt-end,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>couplers,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>electrofusion.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Butt welding is used to join pipes with large diameters. It is a safe proven method of joining plastic fittings and pipes by applying the correct temperature to join two components using mechanical pressure to form a homogeneous joint.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sleeve welding, also known as polyfusion welding, involves heating the end of the fitting and the pipe to the correct temperature using a socket welder and then mechanically pressing the joint together. The correlation of the end and fitting and the polyfusion tool achieves such strength that it is able to produce a strong joint.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/project-1-775x524-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" src=\"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/project-1-775x524-1.jpg\" alt=\"PE pipes\" class=\"wp-image-3462\" srcset=\"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/project-1-775x524-1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/project-1-775x524-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/project-1-775x524-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/project-1-775x524-1-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/project-1-775x524-1-640x480.jpg 640w, https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/project-1-775x524-1-624x468.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Electrofusion welding involves the juxtaposition of polyethylene pipes using fittings equipped with built-in heating elements, preparing the welding site in advance. This involves transmitting electrical voltage to the fittings, which contributes to the melting of the polymer and subsequent fusion of the fitting with the pipe.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Welding of plastics<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Welding plastics is considered to be the most commonly used method of joining thermoplastic components. It involves plasticising the juxtaposed surfaces and filler material using high melting temperatures and pressure, resulting in a permanent cohesive joint. It is recommended that for most welding operations, the material joining the plastic parts should be of similar temperature and chemical structure.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Welding of plastics is carried out by the following methods:&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>welding with a solid component,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>radial welding,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gas welding,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dynamic welding,&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>electric welding.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tworzywa sztuczne&nbsp; Tworzywa sztuczne, inaczej tworzywa polimerowe to materia\u0142y, kt\u00f3re sk\u0142adaj\u0105 si\u0119 z niewyst\u0119puj\u0105cych w naturze polimer\u00f3w syntetycznych.&nbsp;&nbsp; Wymienia si\u0119 nast\u0119puj\u0105ce przyk\u0142ady rodzaj\u00f3w takich tworzyw: syntetyczne pochodzenia naturalnego, syntetyczne sztuczne, konstrukcyjne, porowate, w\u0142\u00f3knotw\u00f3rcze, reaktywne, termoplastyczne.&nbsp;&nbsp; Zgrzewanie&nbsp; Zgrzewanie to metoda \u0142\u0105czenia materia\u0142\u00f3w niemetalowych lub materia\u0142\u00f3w, kt\u00f3ra polega na wywo\u0142aniu przez rekrystalizacj\u0119 i dyfuzj\u0119 znajduj\u0105cych si\u0119 obok siebie ziaren metalu styku \u0142\u0105czonych wsp\u00f3lnych ziaren. Aby proces zgrzewania si\u0119 powi\u00f3d\u0142, wa\u017cny jest docisk, temperatura oraz czas trwania procesu. Przy \u0142\u0105czeniu cz\u0119\u015bci najcz\u0119stsz\u0105 temperatur\u0105, przy kt\u00f3rej dochodzi do dobrego zgrzania, jest taka, kt\u00f3ra jest zbli\u017cona do temperatury topnienia.&nbsp; Do rodzaj\u00f3w zgrzewania zalicza si\u0119:&nbsp; Spawanie&nbsp; Spawanie jest \u0142\u0105czeniem materia\u0142\u00f3w po ich nagrzaniu i stopieniu w miejscu \u0142\u0105czenia. Podobnie jak w przypadku lutowania dodawane do tego miejsca jest spoiwo, ale nie jest to konieczne. Ciep\u0142o stosowane przy spawaniu pochodzi na og\u00f3\u0142 z \u0142uku spawalniczego, kt\u00f3ry jest tworzony za spraw\u0105 pr\u0105du generowanego przez \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o pr\u0105du spawania.&nbsp; Zgrzewanie tworzyw sztucznych&nbsp; Zgrzewanie tworzyw sztucznych jest procesem, kt\u00f3rego celem jest \u0142\u0105czenie element\u00f3w z termoplastycznych tworzyw. Przy podwy\u017cszonej temperaturze dw\u00f3ch tworzyw oraz docisku ich do siebie, dochodzi do uplastycznienia niewielkiego fragmentu materia\u0142u, a po och\u0142odzeniu z\u0142\u0105cze staje si\u0119 twarde i trwa\u0142e. Wspomniane ciep\u0142o mo\u017ce mie\u0107 \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o z zewn\u0105trz, np. zgrzewark\u0105, ale te\u017c i wewn\u0105trz, np. gor\u0105cym powietrzem. Zgrzewanie tworzyw sztucznych jest bardzo znane ze zgrzewania rur.&nbsp; Podstawowymi sposobami zgrzewania tworzyw sztucznych s\u0105 metody::&nbsp; Zgrzewanie doczo\u0142owe stosowane jest do przy\u0142\u0105czania rur z du\u017cymi \u015brednicami. Jest to bezpieczna sprawdzona metoda \u0142\u0105czenia kszta\u0142tek tworzywowych i rur, polegaj\u0105ca na doprowadzeniu w\u0142a\u015bciwej temperatury w celu z\u0142\u0105czenia dw\u00f3ch element\u00f3w przy pomocy docisku [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3460,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"sfsi_plus_gutenberg_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_show_text_before_share":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_type":"","sfsi_plus_gutenberg_icon_alignemt":"","sfsi_plus_gutenburg_max_per_row":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3459","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-szkolenia-udt","has_thumb"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3459"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3459\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3610,"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3459\/revisions\/3610"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3460"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/odk-ergon.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}